Your conference slides don’t get a lot of love, do they? You tend to use them to present at conferences, then throw ‘em in a virtual desk drawer and forget about them.

Yet slides are visual aids that help us tell important stories about our research. And they can be useful to those who weren’t able to see your talk in person. So, why not share them?

In today’s challenge, we’re going to get your slide decks onto Slideshare so the world can see them.

Complete the Slideshare basics

Slideshare is a popular, free slide hosting service that many academics use to share their conference and classroom lecture slides.

First things first: visit Slideshare.net and click “signup” in the upper right corner. Next, you can choose to sign up with an email address or with your Facebook or LinkedIn profile.

Choose a handle for your profile that matches your name or your blog’s handle, so it will be easy for others to recognize you across platform.

Next, create a professional profile. If you’ve created your Slideshare account using LinkedIn, some of your personal information from LinkedIn will already be imported. If not, here’s how to edit your profile:

1. Hover over the person icon in the upper right corner, select “Account Settings” from the drop-down menu.

2. Select “Profile Details” from the left-hand navigation bar. Click “Personal Details.”

3. On the “Personal Details” page, add a photo (the same one you used for your LinkedIn account is perfect), your name, and information about where you work and what drives your research. Link to your website and click “Save”.

4. On the “Contact Details” page, add links to your Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook profiles. Click “Save”.

Now, whenever anyone finds your slide decks on Slideshare, they’ll be able to easily learn more about you and your research, and find you on other sites.

What to upload

You can upload your Powerpoint, PDF, Keynote, and OpenDocument slides. Powerpoint and PDF work the best, however; we’ve occasionally had problems uploading Keynote slides.

If you encounter errors uploading your Keynote or OpenDocument slides, a good workaround is to save your slides in PDF format and then upload them.

If you’re like me, you often use the Notes portion of your Powerpoint slidedeck to leave reminders to yourself to “cite So-and-so’s 2003 paper here” or to “break down definitions here for beginners.” Beware: these notes can be read by others who download your slides! Double-check your slides and their notes carefully before you upload a presentation to Slideshare.

Make uploading a snap

Next, we’re going to make it super simple for you to share your slides moving forward. To do that, we’ll need to connect your Slideshare account to the cloud storage platforms that your slides tend to live, and set a default license for all the slides you share.

Connect to the cloud

If you’re like me, you tend to create your slide decks on your desktop and then add them to Dropbox or Google Drive when they’re ready to present. (That way, you don’t have to fiddle with thumb drives when presenting.) Slideshare connects to these cloud storage services, making it very easy to import your slide decks when they’re ready to share.

To connect your accounts, click the “Upload” button in the upper right-hand corner of the screen. On the next screen, click the “Upload files from Dropbox…” tile in the lower-left corner of the screen.

In the dialog box that appears, choose the cloud service or email provider you want to connect to. Connect your account, then connect any other accounts you might use in the future to store your files. When you’re finished, exit from the dialog box and–that’s it! Your accounts are connected from here on out, so it will be very easy to transfer files to Slideshare in the future.

Set a default license

An intellectual property license applied to your slides gives others a clear idea of what they can and cannot reuse the slides for.

Slideshare allows you to either keep “All Rights Reserved” for your files or select a Creative Commons license. We recommend that you use a Creative Commons license if you’re sharing research slides. Doing so will allow others to blog about your work, cite you on Wikipedia, and reuse and share your work in other ways that can increase your impacts.

To set a default license for your slides, hover over the person icon in the upper-right corner, choose “Account Settings,” then select the “Content” tab from the left-hand navigation bar.

On the “Default License for your Content” drop-down menu, select the license you’d prefer. We recommend a CC-BY license, as it allows the most reuse and sharing of your content.

Got your default license selected and your cloud storage platforms connected? Now let’s share some slides!

Get your slides online

Choose a slide deck that you’re ready to share with the world. To get it onto Slideshare, click “Upload” in the upper right corner, then find your file on your computer or cloud storage.

As your file begins to upload, you’ll be prompted to describe your file. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Category: Select the category most relevant to your talk. It’s likely the categories aren’t very useful to you; the most granular they get for science research is “Science”. That’s OK–we’ll add better information in the following fields.

• Title: Keep it the same as the title of your talk, and feel free to add the conference name and date in parenthesis, so others can see in a glance if this presentation is the one they’re looking for.

• Description: Include your talk’s abstract in this field. You’ll also want to preface your abstract with a sentence that explains when and where you gave this talk, and link to the talk’s related publication (if applicable).

• Tags: List some keywords that others in your discipline might search for. Tags will help your slides’ SEO, making them more discoverable online.

Once you’ve adequately described your slides, go ahead and finish your upload. You’ll be prompted to share your newly-uploaded slides on LinkedIn, Twitter, and other social networks. Do it!

Bonus: If you’ve got a video of your talk, you can add that, too! On your upload confirmation screen, click the “Advanced Settings” link.

On the next screen, click the “Edit YouTube video” tab, add your video’s URL, then select where you want the video to appear in the slide deck. We suggest adding it after your title slide.

Share your slides smartly

Now that you know how to get your slides online, let’s talk about all the ways you can get others’ eyeballs on them.

Some strategies for sharing your slides include:

• Using the social share buttons after you’ve uploaded your slides to share them on LinkedIn, Twitter, and other social networks

• Autotweeting your slides while you’re giving talks at conferences

• Blog about your talk after the fact, and embed your slides in your blogpost

• Connect Slideshare to LinkedIn and Impactstory, so your slides will be automatically imported and embedded in places where others might encounter your work (more on Impactstory in a later challenge)

Dig into your slides’ impact statistics

Now that you’ve got slides online and are sharing them, you can track how often they’ve been viewed and, in some cases, how often others are reusing them.

On your slide deck’s page, scroll down to find the “Statistics” tab under the description section, then click on it. Here you’ll find all the metrics related to others interest in your slides.

Some metrics you might accumulate include:

• Views on both Slideshare and other websites

• Embeds, which can tell you how many times and where others have shared your slides

• Downloads, which can tell you if others have liked your slides enough to save them to their computer

• Comments, which themselves can tell you what others think about your slides

• Likes, which as you might guess can tell you if others like your work

You can choose to receive email updates for your slides’ stats–we’ll cover that in a future challenge.

Limitations

Slideshare’s usability leaves a bit to be desired, and the amount of emails they send can border on spam. To fix the latter, go to “Account Settings” > “Email” and opt-out of any emails you don’t want to receive.

Slideshare also shares a limitation with social networks like Twitter and LinkedIn–it’s a for-profit company that sells your personal data and clutters your browser with ads. And due to its focus on sharing, the platform doesn’t give much thought to a preservation guarantees. So, always make sure your slides are backed up elsewhere.

Homework

You’ve got two tasks for your homework: get slides from your most prominent talk online, and start thinking about how you’ll share your slides for maximum visibility after future talks.

Next up: Open Access publishing to increase the impacts of your work!

If you write code for research, you’re missing out if you’re not on GitHub. GitHub is a collaborative coding website that hosts over 1 million open source projects, is increasingly being used by scientists who code, and has even hired a science guru to make the platform work better for researchers.

GitHub makes coding research software easier with its excellent version control, solid tools for collaboration, and real-time feedback and reviews. Even better, GitHub can tell you much more about the interest in, use and adaptation of your open source software and code than simply posting it to your website can.

In this guide, we’ll give you a very high-level overview of how GitHub works, and some of the benefits you can expect to see if you share your code on GitHub.

Learn the basics Git and GitHub

GitHub is built on top of the distributed version control system, Git. Git allows multiple users to edit a single piece of software code at once. Simply put, it tracks edits and allows each to be applied without overwriting the other edits.

GitHub is an open source software hosting platform that takes a lot of the pain out of using Git. Users create profiles on the site, download software to their machines, and start coding. If you’re using a Mac, GitHub’s desktop software can do most of the heavy lifting for you, making it relatively easy to push your local code to the cloud and vice versa.

Individual software projects are hosted in GitHub “repositories”. Later on in this challenge, you’ll create repositories for your code.

When you’re ready to collaborate, you can search others’ repositories, “fork” their code for your reuse, and suggest changes via “pull requests.” You can also invite others to collaborate on your code–more on that below.

Full-on Git & GitHub tutorials are beyond the scope of this post, but I encourage you to check out Lauren Orsini’s excellent GitHub primer (Part 1 & Part 2) to begin learning the basics of Git.

Set up a Github profile

Once you’ve got your local software setup, it’s time to create a GitHub profile. This is the centralized place where all of your code and contributions will be collected.

Here are some tips for creating a profile that will make your academic code shine:

• Choose a photo following the recommendations we discussed in our LinkedIn challenge
• Include a link to your professional website, so others can easily learn more about your research
• In the “Company” field, add your area of research or title alongside your institution name, so it reads “Marine Biologist at UC Santa Barbara” rather than just “UC Santa Barbara”
• Add your best code to well-documented individual repositories (more on how to do that in a moment)

By following all of these tips, you’ll have a profile that’s much more searchable on GitHub. Plus, a complete profile that showcases your authority will make you more appealing to potential collaborators.

Create repositories for your code

Once your profile is complete, it’s time to get your code online. Individual projects go into GitHub repositories. And repository-based reuse and interest metrics can help us learn about how our software is being used by others. Here are some tips for creating a great repository.

Choose a short but descriptive title for your repository: it will help with both memorability and SEO. Naming your repository after the software itself is a good choice.

Create a killer Readme file: you want your code to be reusable, don’t you? Documentation is a huge boost to reusability, and a  Readme file is the best place to keep your documentation. The Frontier Group recommends including the following:

• The name of the project
• The name and contact details of the client and any 3rd party vendors
• The names of the developers on the project
• A brief description of the project, you should include the answer to the age-old question “What problem is this project solving?”
• An outline of the technologies in the project. e.g.: Framework (Rails/iOS/Android/Gameboy Colour), programming language, database, ORM.
• Links to any related projects (e.g.: Is this a Rails API that has corresponding iOS and Android clients?)
• Links to online tools related to the application (e.g.: Links to the Basecamp project, a link to the dropbox where all the wireframes are stored, a link to the Pivotal Tracker project)

Consider also adding information about the grant that funded the development of this code, and links to any related publications. To increase your SEO, try to also include keywords that others who might be interested in your software might search for.

Choose an open license: In a separate License.md file, include a license that clearly explains what rights you’ll allow others who want to reuse and adapt your code. There are strong feelings about open which open licenses are most appropriate, and pros and cons for each that are worth looking into, but we prefer relatively permissive licenses like the MIT license (in fact, that’s the license Impactstory’s code is under).

Add collaborators: Invite anyone who has contributed to developing the code to be a collaborator on your personal code. For code that’s not yours but instead is part of the work an organization or institution does, you can also create an “organization” for code repositories. For example, Matt Jones belongs to the rOpenSci and DataONE organizations on GitHub, as we see on the left. For more information on adding others to a GitHub organization, see this guide.

GitHub for sharing data

Some researchers like using GitHub for storing and working with numerical data. It has the advantage of being stored in a repository alongside the code that’s used for analysis, making your research project into a single, neatly-packaged reproducible object.

For some examples of how others use GitHub for data, check out Carl Boettiger’s R workflow, Caitlin Rivers’ Ebola data archive, and OKFN’s government data  archive.

Some drawbacks to using GitHub to store your data include its lack of solid preservation strategy and that it doesn’t specialize in one kind of data like repositories like the Protein Data Bank do, making it difficult to find data to reuse.

Mint DOIs for your code

Now that your code (and possibly also your data) is online, let’s make it easier to track its impacts.

A challenge for tracking the scholarly impact of research software is a lack of persistent identifiers that are available for code. That’s why Mozilla Science, GitHub, Zenodo, and Figshare partnered to begin issuing DOIs for code repositories on GitHub, which are often included in citations in publications.

To learn how to create a DOI for your code, check out this guide to connecting Zenodo to a GitHub repository to mint a DOI.

Once you’ve gotten DOIs for your repositories, put them into each of your repositories’ Readme files alongside a preferred citation. It’ll make it easier for others to cite your code in their papers.

Sit back and watch the forks & stars roll in

Citations are far from the only type of impact you can start to accrue if your code is made openly available on GitHub. GitHub has some good metrics that can tell you how your code is being reused, commented upon, and so on–in real time. Some GitHub metrics to know about include:

• Stars: some GitHub users “star” repositories as a means of showing appreciation for your work; others use them as a bookmark, so they can find and revisit your code more easily.
• Forks: a “fork” is created when another user copies one of your repositories so they can explore and experiment without affecting your original code. It’s a good signal of reuse.
• Pull requests: When a user wants to suggest changes to your code, they’ll issue a pull request. The number of pull request and identities of contributors can be good indicators of how collaborative your work is and who your high-profile collaborators are.

Each of these metrics can tell a more nuanced story of the use of your code in your discipline than citations alone can.

Limitations

Despite its popularity in some circles, GitHub has notable limitations. The biggest is that learning Git can be too high a barrier for entry for some to overcome.

GitHub’s filesize limitations and usability are drawbacks for others. Moreover, the problems with GitHub’s search function make it difficult to search for code or rank by relevancy when searching code documentation.  A good workaround for this is to just use a regular search engine like Google.

And, finally, GitHub is a for-profit company. They reserve the right to delete your code and data at any time, for any reason, making the long-term storage of code a questionable proposition.

Homework

First things first: read these excellent tutorials [1] [2] [3] [4] and practice using Git and GitHub. Once you’ve got your footing, it’s time to get your code online.

Deposit at least one of your best known software projects or code snippets to GitHub repositories. Then, mint a DOI for it and add your preferred citation to the top of your Readme.md file.

Finally, get social! GitHub’s major strength lies in its social networking features, so  try a few Google searches to see if you can find and follow researchers in your field. Bonus points for exploring their repositories to see if there’s any code you can borrow/fork for future projects.

Tomorrow, you’ll have it a bit easier: we’re going to get you onto Slideshare!

Data is second only to journal articles in terms of importance to science communication and publishing–it’s the rocks from which diamonds are refined. And as a researcher, chances are you’ve got research data lying around on your hard drive or server.

Yet a lot of research data never sees the light of day. It used to be difficult to make data available to others, so researchers didn’t unless required to by journals or funder mandates.

But new research has found that by putting your research data online, you’ll become up to 30% more highly cited than if you kept your data hidden. Open research data also leads to more replicable studies, and is important to the quality of science overall. And advancements in technology have made it easier than ever to cheaply preserve and make your data Open Access.

In today’s challenge, we’ll share three easy ways to make your data available online: Open Repositories (ORs) like Figshare and Zenodo; Disciplinary Repositories (DRs) like Dryad and ICPSR; and Institutional Repositories (IRs).

Why post to a data repository?

A common way for many researchers to share their data over the years has been to submit it as a supplementary file to a journal article. But publishers are beginning to encourage scientists to deposit their data to repositories instead.

Publishers recognize that repositories of all persuasions are fantastic places to post your research data. That’s because of two standard features for most repositories: high-quality preservation options and persistent identifiers for your data.

Preservation is a no-brainer–if you’re entrusting your data to a repository, you want to know that it will be around until you decide to remove it.

Persistent identifiers are important because they allow your data to be found if the URL for your data changes, or it’s transferred to another repository when your repository is shuttered, and so on. And with persistent identifiers like DOIs, it’s easy to track citations, shares, mentions, and other reuse and discussion of your data on the Web.

There are several different types of repository that can host your data depending upon your institution and discipline. Let’s dig into the different types of repositories and what each does best.

Figshare, Zenodo, and other open repositories

Open repositories like Figshare and Zenodo are repositories that anyone can use, regardless of institutional affiliation, to preserve any type of scholarly output they want. Here are specific advantages and disadvantages of two open repositories.

Pros

Figshare offers free deposits for open data up to 250 MB in file size. They issue persistent identifiers called DOIs for datasets. Users can “version” their data as simply as uploading updated files, and can easily embed Figshare datasets in other websites and blogs by copying and pasting a simple code. Other users can comment on datasets and download citation files to their reference managers for later use. Figshare offers preservation backed by CLOCKSS, a highly-trusted, community-governed archive used by repositories around the world. And you get basic information about the number of views and shares on social media your dataset has gotten to date.

Zenodo also offers free data deposits and issues DOIs for your datasets. Much like Figshare, the non-profit makes citation information for datasets available in BibTeX, EndNote, and a variety of other library and reference manager formats. Users can add highly detailed metadata for their files–much more than Figshare currently allows–which can aid in discoverability. Other Zenodo users can comment on your files. And best of all, Zenodo makes it easy to sign up with your ORCID identifier or GitHub account. (If you don’t have either yet, no worries! We’re going to cover them in upcoming challenges.)

Both repositories have open APIs, making them very interoperable with other systems., and they are both user-friendly and fun to use.

Cons

For some, Figshare’s funding model is a serious drawback; it’s a for-profit company funded by Digital Science, whose parent company, Macmillian Publisher, is the keeper of the Nature Publishing Group empire.

Zenodo’s preservation plan is less robust than Figshare’s, and currently Zenodo can only host files 2 GB or less in size. Zenodo also lacks public pageview and download statistics, meaning that you can’t track the popularity or reuse of the data you submit to the archive.

Dryad, ICPSR, and other disciplinary repositories

Disciplinary repositories offer a way to share specialized research data with relevant communities. They offer many of the same features as IRs and ORs, but often with special features for disciplinary data.

Pros

Disciplinary repositories like KNB and ICPSR often allow users to use subject-specific metadata schema that enhance discoverability. They are focal points for their disciplines, meaning that your data will more likely be seen by those understand it. Repositories like those in the DataONE network are interoperable with the software that you and other researchers already use to collect and analyze data, making it super easy to deposit data as part of your regular workflow. Depending on the repository, they might offer DOIs for data you’ve deposited.

Cons

Not all disciplinary repositories allow you to deposit large datasets. Some do not offer DOIs. And occasionally, grant-funded subject repositories that don’t have sustainable business models shut down after their funding runs out.

Protein Data Bank, Genbank & other datatype-specific repositories

In some disciplines, entire repositories exist just for data of particular formats. Some examples include the RCSB’s Protein Data Bank for 3D shapes of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies; Genbank for DNA sequences; and EMDataBank for 3D electron microscopy density maps, atomic models, and associated metadata.

Pros

If there’s a repository for the datatype you work with, your best bet is often to deposit it there. By virtue of being a hub for disciplinary data, datatype repositories are often frequented by others in your field who are doing similar research–an ideal audience of those you’d want to see and reuse your data. Datatype repositories often offer highly-specific metadata and search options, making it easy for others in your field to find your data.

Cons

Datatype repositories cater to a very small subset of data formats, and can sometimes lack linkages to the publications and other datasets that give them much-needed context. Some datatype repositories are inactive, having been abandoned after their funding ran out, or because of a lack of use by other scientists, or for a host of other reasons. Be careful to check whether the datatype repository you’re interested in using is regularly updated.

Institutional repositories

Institutional repositories are platforms where an university’s faculty and graduate students can preserve their research data and other scholarly outputs.

Pros

Institutional repositories are often free to use, allow for the addition of both basic and complex data descriptions, and usually issue persistent identifiers called Handles that others can use to cite and find your data easily. (Currently, IRs that mint DOIs are harder to come by.) Some IRs even offer unlimited data storage, meaning you can store your terabytes worth of data for free.

And by virtue of being backed by a university and administered by librarians, they’ve got a degree of trust that money can’t buy; many universities have been around for a hundred or more years, librarians have been stewards of the scholarly record since the times of the Ancient Library of Alexandria, and both will likely be around long after the Googles of the world have been shuttered.

Cons

What IRs offer in trust, they lack in flexibility and control. Many IRs have strict requirements for who can sign up and deposit research data, what data formats they’ll support over time, and if and how you can edit your files and descriptive information.

Other issues with many (but not all) institutional repositories include their lack of features for collaboration, inability to “version” datasets, unclear licensing advice for open data needs, and a lack of APIs for interoperability with other systems. Many also only use a very general metadata standard, Dublin Core, and don’t support domain or datatype-specific metadata fields and controlled vocabularies.

Perhaps the biggest drawback? No one goes to IRs looking for data, so you’re entirely reliant on search engines for discoverability.

Data repository limitations

In addition to some of the drawbacks addressed above, the biggest limitation to the idea of making your data openly available is that not everyone can do it! If you work with sensitive data–defined by ANDS as “data that can be used to identify an individual, species, object, or location that introduces a risk of discrimination, harm, or unwanted attention”–you often can’t post your data openly online.

That said, some repositories like ICPSR do index sensitive data, making it available to registered users. The availability of a metadata record alone can sometimes be enough to cite sensitive data, and so it’s possible that you can still get cited, even if your data isn’t open access. But we don’t recommend keeping your data behind a login or other barrier if you don’t have to.

Unsure if your data is “sensitive”? Check out Purdue University Library’s guide on sensitive data, which can help you identify it and all applicable laws and regulations.

Homework

For today’s homework, we’re going to get your data online.

Register for an Open Repository

Explore data hosted on Figshare and Zenodo, then choose and sign up for an account on the platform of your choice. Deposit at least one data set to the service. It can be a copy of supplementary data you’ve posted alongside a journal article, raw data, or data from a dead-end project you’ve never published.

Be sure to add as much descriptive information as possible during the deposit. It’ll make your data useful to those who look at your data, and also more “Googleable”–both repositories are well-indexed by search engines.

Choose a disciplinary repository

There are thousands of repositories where you could possibly deposit data from your field. Ask a trusted colleague for a recommendation or check out the Re3Data guide for a comprehensive list of subject repositories.

Once you’ve found one that suits your needs, register for it and deposit a dataset or two.

Explore relevant datatype-specific repositories

Ask a colleague or your advisor what the best repositories are for the data formats you tend to create. Sign up for each that you think will be the most relevant to your work, explore some of the other datasets on the site, and deposit a dataset or two of your own. And just like you did for the previous two deposits, make sure you add great descriptive information, which can help others understand your data.

Got an idea of what repository you like best? Great! Next time you’ve got a dataset that you want to share with the world, do it!

Tomorrow, we’ll explore GitHub for sharing your scientific code and data.

You’ve now got seven social media accounts, including your blog. How can you possibly find time to manage all these accounts, given the time demands of the average academic?

Today, we’re going to talk about how you can use social media automation tools like Buffer and IFTTT to manage these accounts in a more efficient way.

Below, we’ll introduce you to how social media automation works, the best automation tools, and rules to follow for success.

What is social media automation?

When you want to share a new blog post or article link on social media, you can save time by using a single tool to post to Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn all at once. These tools will allow you to compose one message and post it to all your connected social media accounts with the click of a button or whenever a “trigger” is tripped. That’s social media automation, and it’s going to save you a ton of time.

Many social media automation tools can also be used to schedule posts in advance, so you can plan ahead to share a lot of content over the course of a day or week, rather than all at once.

Cyborgs vs. robots: your best options for automation

There are two types of social media automation tools:

Cyborgs

First are composing and sharing platforms, which we’ll call “cyborgs” because they require some human input to automate future actions. Buffer and Hootsuite are in this category (we’ll talk about both of these below).

In general, here’s how cyborg tools work: you log on to the platform, compose a message to share, select the social media accounts you want to share the message on, and then schedule the message to post at a later time. Cyborgs are more hands-on, but they allow for superior control of messaging and timing.

Robots

Your other option is full-blown automators, which we’ll call “robots” due to the fact that they automate posting not based on human input but instead based on whether or not certain actions have occurred on the platforms they’re connected to. IFTTT is in this category (again, more on IFTTT below).

When using a robot tool, you first define and set up actions you want to automate–say, “if I post a new blog post, then I’ll share a link and the title of the post automatically on Twitter and Facebook.” Then, whenever you complete that action, the robot will do its work, immediately automating posts across various social media sites. In general, robots’ big drawback is that you don’t have much control over what’s automatically posted and when, but they do save you time and effort by not requiring human intervention in order to work.

All of the tools we’ll cover below tend to post to Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn out-of-the-box. All also have a flaw: they don’t let you automate posts to or from ResearchGate, Academia.edu, or Google Scholar. Below, we’ll introduce some workarounds that address this problem. But first, let’s check out the most popular automation tools one by one.

Buffer

Buffer is a popular, browser-based, “cyborg” social media automation platform. On the free tier of the service, you can connect and post to your Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook accounts from a single update box (seen above).

To get started, sign up for an account and connect the social media accounts you want to post to. On the Content tab, you’ll see a blank update box. This is where you’ll compose your message.

First, select the networks you want to post to; then, compose your message (a “remaining character” limits appear to the left of the “Add to queue” button), add a link, and add a photo (click the camera icon on the bottom left of the update box, and Buffer will guide you through selecting and adding a photo to the post).

When you’ve finished composing your message, you can either add the post to your queue to be shared at a time that Buffer selects, share the post immediately, or schedule the post to appear at a time that you specify.

You can also customize the times at which Buffer will share items in your Queue. Click on the Schedule tab, select the days of the week you want Buffer to share content, and then add the times of day (and night) you want Buffer to share content.

Hootsuite

Hootsuite is another popular “cyborg” social media automation platform. You can both schedule posts on the service and monitor interactions across your profiles via its Stream interface, pictured above. We’ll focus on Hootsuite’s post automation features below.

To get started, sign up for a Hootsuite account and connect up to three of your social media profiles for free (perfect if you’re just connecting your Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook accounts).

To compose a message, hover over the “Send to” box at the top left of your screen. The box will automatically expand to show you the full composition and posting options.

When you’ve finished composing your message, you can choose to “Send now” or click the calendar icon to schedule your post for the future (“Schedule” menu seen at right).

If you choose to schedule ahead, note that you can either specify a time and date for your post, or allow the post to be added to the AutoSchedule. AutoSchedule works like the Buffer Queue: it will post your message at predetermined time and dates that you can adjust by clicking the gear icon on the AutoSchedule box of the “Schedule” menu.

OK, we’ve covered your options for automating part of your social media routine with cyborgs. Let’s talk about what robots can do for you. 🙂

IFTTT

IFTTT (“If this, then that”) is a powerful “robot” automation platform. Here’s how it works: you create a Recipe, select the Trigger, and define an Action you want to automatically happen once that Trigger is tripped. In the example pictured above, I’ve told IFTTT that anytime a new post appears in Carl Boettiger’s blog’s RSS stream (Trigger), to send me an email (Action).

You can reuse others’ Recipes that will post to Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn anytime you’ve written a new blog post; cross-post from one social network to another, so your LinkedIn posts automatically appear on Twitter and Facebook and vice versa; tweet when you’ve created a GitHub repository; and so on.

To create your own Recipes, sign up for IFTTT, click “My Recipes” at the top of the page, and click “Create a Recipe”.

Click “this” to define your Trigger. Search for your Trigger Channel–the platform that you want your data or updates to come from. Then, choose the Trigger–the event that will initiate the Action. For example, if I want to post to Facebook anytime I tweet a link on Twitter, my Trigger Channel is Twitter, my Trigger is “New link by you.”

Define your Action next. Click “that” to search for your Action Channel–the platform where you want your data or updates to appear. Then, select the Action itself–the event that will happen when your Trigger occurs. You’ll be prompted to define what text you want to appear in your Action, using “Ingredients” from the Trigger (click the Erlenmeyer flask icon to see what Ingredients are available).

Continuing with our above example, my Action Channel is Facebook, and my Action will be “Create a status message” on Facebook, and the text that will appear in the status message will be the “Text” Ingredient from my Twitter update.

Select the Ingredient, click “Add ingredient,” click “Create Action,” then click “Create Recipe” to set your automated Facebook posts into effect.

IFTTT offers more than 4000 Trigger and Action Channels, so the possibilities for automation are endless (and a bit overwhelming). Start out small–one or two Recipes, tops–and test how your audience receives them before automating more content sharing.

There aren’t very many options for automating actions when new content is posted to ResearchGate, Academia.edu, or Google Scholar, as I mentioned above. That’s due to the fact that none of these services have APIs. (If you think that should change–we do!–you can contact all three companies via webform to let them know. ResearchGate – Academia.edu – Google Scholar)

But there are workarounds: you can adapt or create Recipes that post your most popular Academia.edu papers to Facebook each week, tweet when a new publication is added to your Google Scholar profile, update your LinkedIn profile whenever a new PubMed item from a saved search appears, and so on.

Built-in automation tools

Though ResearchGate and Academia.edu aren’t connectable to IFTTT, Buffer, or Hootsuite, you can use their built-in automation tools to post updates whenever you add a paper to either platform.

On ResearchGate, add a new publication and then head to the publication’s page. Beneath the basic article information at the top of your profile, you’ll see a button to “Share” your article on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and other social networks. Click on the service you want to share your article to, and you’ll be prompted to connect your profile and share the post.

On Academia.edu, add your Twitter handle on your profile homepage. Whenever you add a new paper, you’ll be prompted to tweet about your upload.

Ingredients for successful social media automation

There are some general best practices you should abide by when automating your social media streams to optimize your efficiency and avoid inadvertently coming across as a spammer.

Pay attention to formatting and medium when posting across multiple platforms

Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn all have different limits on the lengths of content that can be shared in a single message. If you’ve got a message that is better communicated in a long post, try posting separate messages to Twitter and to Facebook and LinkedIn.

(Carefully) Schedule ahead

Consider automating your sharing for maximum reach and engagement. For example, some content gets more clicks, comments, and shares if posted on the weekend or late at night. You could schedule your posts to appear during those times, and also test other times to see if they’re better for your audience. (More on that below.)

Automation can be great for sharing links to posters, slides, and comments while you’re presenting at conferences. Postdoc Ross Mounce used automation to announce that he was presenting while he was on stage. Research scientist (and Impactstory Advisor) Keith Bradnam used automation to tweet a pre-recorded video related to a presentation he was giving, while he was giving it. You can also share blog posts that you’ve written in advance when you’re on holiday, at busy times in the semester, and other times when you don’t have time to post to social media.

If you do schedule ahead, be prepared to hit “pause” if major events happen. Otherwise, you can come across as insensitive. One example to learn from is Guy Kawasaki, who was criticized for keeping his social media automation running while the Boston Marathon bombing unfolded in 2013. Imagine if your automation made it appear as though you were trying to promote your work during a similar catastrophe!

Don’t automate interactions

Some like to automatically tweet “Hello!” to new followers, or reply with a standard message to those who tweet at them. Both of these tactics detract from the reason you’re on social media–to be social! Automated interactions can be a missed opportunity to learn about new followers or engage in discussions. Rather than automating interactions, save time by setting aside a half hour or so on a weekly basis to batch your replies.

Find the best times and content types to post for your audience

You’ll want to post when your followers are most likely to read and interact with your posts and articles in the form of shares, retweets, clicks, comments, and so on. In general, there are ideal times and days to post to various social networks, but you should learn what’s best for your specific audience.

The Buffer blog suggests that you consider the following when determining your social media automation schedule:

1. What time zones are the majority of your Twitter followers located? (We recommend Tweriod to learn when your followers are online.)
2. When do your posts most often get clicked and shared? (Experiment with posting the same content on different days and at different times, then use built-in analytics tools for Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn to see which date and time performs best.)
3. When are you around to respond to interactions with your content? (You know your own schedule best, so consider posting the content that’s likely to be most discussion-inducing when you’re awake and around to respond to comments.)

Also experiment with what you’re posting to learn what resonates more with your audience. Do more people read your articles when you’ve posted them to your blog and shared those links, rather than links to the articles themselves? Are your colleagues more likely to strike up a discussion if you post questions when sharing content? Again, share the same content multiple times but in different formats to learn more about what your followers are most likely to read, discuss, and share.

Homework

Your homework is to sign up for and test Buffer, Hootsuite, and IFTTT. Which one(s) work best for you and why?

Once you’ve figured out which one you prefer, create a plan for how using it will fit into your social media schedule, and how you’ll test the popularity of posting times and types of content. Then, start automating!

Finally, read this LSE Impact Blog post on automating measurement and collection of your social media impact. You don’t have to enact any of the suggestions from the post, but keep in mind that it’s possible to backup all of your impacts to Google Drive. It may be useful for you down the road.

In tomorrow’s Impact Challenge, we’re switching gears: we’ll explore platforms for sharing your research data.

Facebook is the social network that needs no introduction: it’s got 1.3 billion users, and chances are most everyone you know is on it. Yet over 50% of scientists say they won’t use it professionally.

On the surface, Facebook doesn’t seem good for academia because it doesn’t make sense to promote our work to our friends and family, or to blur the boundaries between our personal and professional lives.

But Facebook networks are as good as you make them, and Facebook allows us to make more personal connections to colleagues than academic social networking sites do. And for those who research topics that are the subject of public discussion–for example, stem cell research, climate change, or Ebola–Facebook can be a good way to share your research with audiences outside the Ivory Tower.

In today’s challenge, we’re going to take a “pros and cons” approach to exploring how Facebook might be useful to your career.

Reasons to use Facebook professionally

Many of us are on Facebook, and plenty of us do “friend” our colleagues on the site, even if we’re not on Facebook primarily for professional reasons.

Scientists who do use Facebook for professional reasons tend to use it to promote their work, and as an informal way to network with other scientists.

Using Facebook to promote your publications, news, and awards

Consider sharing a link to one of your articles, a bit of news, or an award announcement the next time you log on to Facebook. One advantage to sharing articles in particular is that Facebook-based sharing and discussion has been linked to increased readership.

In a recent Nature survey, 15% of scientists that are regular Facebook users promote their recent publications on the site, and over 20% use it to post work-related content. And in a separate study, one researcher opined, “‘I find that blogging/Facebook can be a very good way to make one’s research more widely known to other scientists, the public and, very importantly, students (both to inform them and to recruit!).”

Who’s most likely to share their work on the site? Well, the most often shared papers on Facebook tend to be those in the biomedical and health sciences, but there’s not yet research on the extent to which these papers were shared by the authors themselves.

Here are some tips for sharing your research on Facebook:

• Ideal times to post are reportedly after the workday is over (5 pm – 1 am), when your friends have more time to click on the links you post.
• Include a photo, figure, or video–visual content gets more “likes” and shares on Facebook than plaintext and links alone do. And more shares means more potential readers for your article.
• If you didn’t publish in an Open Access journal, link to an Open Access version of your article hosted on Figshare, Impactstory, etc, so others without access to the journal you’ve published in can read it.
• Keep your post’s introductory text to 40 characters or less–more people will “like” and comment upon your post, and that means your post will appear more often in others’ timelines, increasing your potential readers.
• If you’re sharing research that might be of public interest, set your post to “Public” (more information on how to do so in today’s Homework, below) and use hashtags related to the subject of your study, so people browsing news on the subject can more easily find your post. Here’s an example of news articles and updates discovered by the “#Ebola” hashtag.

Using Facebook to expand your network

In researching this blog post, I was surprised to find that some researchers use Facebook to network. But the Tanya Golash-Boza recommends doing just that:

“Facebook is also a networking tool, particularly for taking advantage of “weak ties.” Recently, I wanted to meet the author of a successful book to ask her some questions about publishing. I looked her up on Facebook and discovered that we had two friends in common. I emailed one of them and asked for an introduction. Two days later, we were in direct email contact. As another example, in the past year, I have several received lecture invitations from Facebook friends. My constant virtual presence in their lives likely increased the likelihood they would invite me to speak.”

The informal, passive route to networking worked in Golash-Boza’s favor, but note that she didn’t “friend” or message someone she didn’t know in order to make a connection–she leveraged shared ties instead (something you practiced during our LinkedIn challenge). Some researchers are very against using Facebook in a professional manner, so tread carefully.

Reasons not to use Facebook professionally

Facebook censors your newsfeed

As we saw from Facebook’s recent suppression of Ferguson-related news in the US, Facebook’s algorithms might decide that your updates aren’t worth sharing with your network. So, why share your research or your views on a platform that might hit the mute button on you?

Facebook has privacy problems

Facebook is a for-profit corporation. They make money by selling your personal data to advertisers (in addition to putting advertisements onto your Facebook profile and allowing brands to use your “likes” in their advertisements). They also have run afoul of privacy advocates by constantly changing the default privacy settings for profiles, opening up new and established users alike to unwanted public exposure.

If you do choose to use Facebook in a professional manner, be aware of the privacy issues and the steps you can take to mitigate them.

Your network is only as “professional” as you make it

You might use Facebook only for personal updates, sharing photos of your children or what you made for dinner last night. Sure, you can change your Facebook privacy settings to hide unprofessional content from colleagues. But doing that for each new friend you add can be a bothersome process. Some prefer to not friend colleagues at all, for that very reason.

Homework

Is Facebook right for you, professionally speaking? Take some time to think on the arguments presented above and decide for yourself whether you want to use Facebook to network with other scientists, share your publications, or to facilitate your research.

If you decide you want to use Facebook in a professional context, here’s how to make sure it’s up to snuff:

• Create a “list” for everyone you’d consider a professional contact, and remember to add future professional contacts to that list, as you become Facebook friends.
• Edit your privacy settings so you’re discoverable (click the privacy settings padlock in the upper-right of your profile, click “Who can contact me?”, and select “Everyone” under “Who can send me friend requests?”)
• Further edit your privacy settings so new updates are not shared with your professional contacts by default–this can keep you from accidentally sharing something inappropriate with the wrong audience. (Privacy settings > “Who can see my stuff?” > “Who can see my future posts?”, select the group(s) you want to share all of your posts with)
• Whenever you share something that’s of professional interest, be sure to share it with both your work colleagues and your other “friends” on the site. Consider even making it visible to the public. (On the status update box, click the audience button to the left of the “Post” button and choose the lists you want to share that update with.)

In tomorrow’s challenge, we’ll tackle social media automation–making it simple and quick for you to update your Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn accounts from a single interface. See you then!

The next two days of the Impact Challenge will cover the biggest social media platforms on the planet: Twitter and Facebook.

Twitter is a microblogging site with 560 million active users, and more than 1 in 40 researchers are reportedly active on the site.

Scientists who use Twitter tend to be effusive in their praise: Twitter helps them stay on top of news in their field, find new publications, get speaking and publishing opportunities, communicate their research directly to the public, and–perhaps most importantly–find a sense of community. In fact, among researchers who use social media in a professional context, 83% declared Twitter to be the most useful tool they use.

Today, we’ll explore Twitter’s usefulness for you. We’ll get you onto the site, engaging others, finding the best sources of information in your field, and measuring the diffusion of your research among other researchers and the public.

Sign up

Creating a Twitter account is dead simple: logon to Twitter.com and sign up for an account.

On the next screen, you’ll be prompted by Twitter to choose a handle–make it similar to your blog handle or your name, so your professional “brand” matches across platforms.

Complete the rest of the setup steps–find other users to follow and connect your email account to import other contacts–then head to your email to confirm your account.

All done? Now it’s time to do the important stuff.

Personalize your account

First, add a photo to your “avatar” by clicking the blue camera icon in the upper left-hand corner, next to your name. Make it simple by adding the same photo that you used for LinkedIn or your website; it’s easy change if you want to add another photo in the future.

Next, add a short bio. This is your chance to explain who you are in 160 characters or less. LSE Impact Blog recommends stating your experience and research interests, university or organizational affiliation, and a link to your blog. We also recommend adding a few hashtags (more on those in a moment) that can connect you to other users with similar interests across the platform. For example, I’ve added “#libraries #altmetrics #craftbeer” to my bio.

To add your bio, click on your username beside your avatar and on your profile page, click the “Edit Profile” button the right-hand side of your profile. There, you can add your bio and a link to your blog or website.

Got your basic account set up? Now it’s time to start engaging with other scientists and the public.

Find people to follow

Twitter users share research articles, news, and tidbits about their lives on a daily basis. Your next step is to find users who share your interests and to “follow” them to start receiving their updates.

Twitter tries to make it as easy as possible for you to find other people to follow via the “Who to Follow” panel on the righthand side of your profile, seen above. Their recommendations are usually either spot on (you can see above they’ve suggested OpenScience for me) or completely off the mark (they suggested WomensHealthMag to me based only on the fact that I’m female and that I selected “Health” as one of my interests upon signing up–under the mistaken assumption that “Health” = “Healthcare”). The more people you follow, though, the better their system gets at finding you new suggestions. Click on the “View all” link in the “Who to follow” panel to get a long list of suggested users.

Another great way to find people to follow is to search Twitter for particular interests. From any page on Twitter, type a keyword into the Search box at the upper right-hand corner of the page. On the results page, click “People” in the left-hand navigation bar to narrow the results to Twitter users who match your interest.

You can see here that I’ve searched for the term “bioinformatics” and narrowed the results to include Twitter users who match that term:

Read through the search results, keeping an eye out for familiar names and interesting bios. When you find a user you want updates from, click the “Follow” button to the right of their bio. Now, when you’re on your homepage you’ll see their recent updates:

There are several other good ways to find people to follow:

• Take a look at who others are following (on their profile, click “Following”) and follow them,
• Find curated Twitter Lists on the profiles of those you follow, like these lists for Scientists and STEM Academics (click “Lists” on their profile pages, then scan the lists they’ve created to find ones relevant to your area of research), and
• Watch the updates on your Twitter homepage for unfamiliar names–chances are that someone has “retweeted” (shared someone else’s update with their audience) a user that you’d be interested in getting updates from.

Try to follow at least twenty colleagues and organizations in your field to begin with, and take some time to read through each user’s “timeline” (updates on their profile page) to learn more about them and their interests. You’re going to start chatting with your colleagues in our next step.

Making connections on Twitter

Now we get into the meat of the challenge: making connections with others in your field.

One of the things that makes Twitter so great is that it is a no-pressure forum to spark conversations with your colleagues about a variety of topics, including but not limited to your shared area of study. Twitter also helps you find members of the public who are interested in your area of study.

Researchers who participated in a recent study of academics’ use of social media reportedly appreciate Twitter because:

• ‘Love the ability to chat to colleagues on Twitter, better than seeing each other just once a year at conferences and actually I have “met” people on Twitter before meeting them IRL at conference.’
• ‘My focus is science outreach to general audiences. These formats [Facebook, Twitter, Storify] are easy to use and my audiences are there. It helps me disseminate information about science, science news and the process of science to broader audiences.’
• ‘Twitter allows me to make connections to folks that I would not otherwise have – journalists, policy professionals.’

You’re going to engage with others by tweeting at them–writing short messages that either respond to one of their updates, ask questions, or share information with them. Let’s talk now about what makes for good “tweeting.”

Basics of composing a tweet

Tweets are the 140 character messages that users compose to update others on a variety of things: their opinions on a study, recent news, a thought-provoking blog post, and so on. You can write anything in your updates, and attach photos and location information, too.

Some things you might want to share with others include:

• recent papers in your field (both papers you’ve written and others’ articles)
• news and blog posts relevant to your discipline (science policy, funding announcements, articles from Nature News, New Scientist, the Impactstory blog, and your other favorite sources of information)
• your opinion on developments in your field, others’ research, and so on (don’t be afraid to (respectfully) rock the boat)
• a funny thing that happened in your lab, at a conference, or in the classroom
• happenings from your personal life (are you enjoying your vacation? Did you meet a wallaby for the first time in your life? Are you proud of your most recent 5k race time?)

No matter what you tweet about, there are some basic things you can do to make your tweets more interesting to others (and thus more likely to be shared via a retweet):

• use hashtags (a word or phrase that follows the “#” sign, like “#scicomm” or “#tenure”)
• attach a photo to your tweet (when composing a tweet, click the “Add photo” camera icon and upload a picture from your computer),
• consider following the 5-3-2 rule: social media experts recommend that for every 10 updates you post, 5 should be content from others that are relevant to your followers, 3 should be professional content, and 2 should be personal updates

When in doubt, just remember to keep it professional and you can’t really go wrong.

Tweeting at conferences

Now that you’re tweeting, let’s explore some of the benefits (and drawbacks) to tweeting at conferences.

Some academics swear by tweeting at conferences, because it provides an easy way to learn new things and meet new people by following and participating in conversations. As Bik & Goldstein explain,

Tweeting from conferences (discussing cutting-edge research developments, linking to journal articles or lab websites, e.g., …) can introduce other scientists to valuable content, and consequently provide networking opportunities for users who actively post during meetings…Journalists and scientists following a conference tweet stream may be additionally introduced to new groups of researchers (particularly early-career scientists or those scientists who are new to Twitter) with relevant and related interests; conference tweeting can thus serve to enhance in-person networking opportunities by expanding these activities to online spheres.

Further, Jonathan Lawson points out that it allows students and early career researchers, in particular, to participate in a “backchannel” that’s not dominated by the most established researchers, like the conferences themselves sometimes are.

The next time you’re attending a conference, find out what the meeting’s hashtag is, and then search for and follow it to “listen in” on the conversation. (We searched for and followed tweets for #EuroSciPy, at right.) A popular way to follow conference hashtags is TweetChat, which filters out the non-conference tweets in your timeline, making conference-related tweets easier to follow.

And when you’re ready to participate, you can add your voice by writing tweets that include the conference hashtag. When you’re listening to a talk, summarize the main points for your followers, add your own commentary to the speaker’s, and share related papers and websites. Just make sure you have the presenters’ permission to tweet about their talk; some would prefer to keep their findings off the internet until they have published on them.

You can also tweet using the conference hashtag to organize informal “tweetups”, which can help build relationships and ward off boredom in unfamiliar cities (“Invigorated after Stodden’s great keynote! Anyone up for grabbing a coffee before the reception to talk about it? #meeting2014”).

For more “how to’s” on conference tweeting, check out SouthernFriedScience’s primer on tweeting at conferences.

Measuring your success

Twitter’s new Analytics dashboard can help you measure the success of your outreach efforts.

Logon to Twitter Analytics and review your latest tweets that share links to your blog or your papers. On the dashboard view (pictured above), you’ll see all of your tweets and a summary of your impressions and engagements.

The number of impressions are time your tweets appeared on someone’s timelines. The number of engagements are the number of times your tweets have been retweeted, clicked through, or clicked on to learn more information about what you shared. They help you measure the amount of exposure you’re receiving and others’ interest in what you’re tweeting, respectively.

The dashboard view is good at summarizing your impressions and engagements over various time periods. The default view is for the past 28 days, but you can click the calendar button in the upper right hand corner to select a date range of your choosing–useful if you want to see what effect tweeting at a conference had upon the amount of exposure you’re getting, for example.

To see the drill-down engagement metrics for a specific tweet, click on the tweet. You’ll see something like this:

In addition to simple engagement and impression metrics, LSE Impact Blog also recommends recording the following:

At the end of each month, Twitter can be used as a painless metric to assess how your tweeting is working for you and your project. Showing the growth in your followers and the number of people who read your research blog can also be helpful for funding applications. You could make short notes on the following:

• The number of followers you have
• The names of those who could be useful for future collaboration
• Invitations to write blog posts or speak at events, which have come via Twitter
• Number of hits to your own blog posts via Twitter

Over time, you can build upon what you’ve learned from your Twitter metrics, tweeting more content that your followers will love, in a manner that will engage them the most.

Limitations

Twitter is, like many of the other platforms we’ve covered so far, a for-profit company. Though it’s technically free to use, you pay for your account by allowing Twitter show ads in your timeline and access and sell your personal data to other companies.

Twitter has also recently announced plans to experiment with users’ timelines, meaning that the uncensored, time-based updates you see on your homescreen could soon be replaced with updates selected by an algorithm. That’s something that Facebook currently does, and it led to a near blackout on updates for its users about one of the biggest news items of the year in the US: the Ferguson protests.

What could it mean for you? Well, if Twitter’s future algorithms inadvertently decide that your tweets about H1N1 studies or field research or science funding aren’t compelling to your users, it could remove them from others’ homepages, killing potential conversations and connections.

Homework

For today’s homework, you’re going to find other researchers to engage and begin tweeting in earnest.

We recommend following 20 people to begin with, adding a few each day using the techniques described above (keyword searches, Twitter lists, and following researchers that your colleagues are following). Aim to follow at least 100 people by the end of the month.

In the next few days, as you start to get a few followers, take some time to learn more about them. Using the Twitter Analytics “Followers” dashboard, check out their interests, what countries your followers are tweeting from, and who else they’re following–this can be a great source of new people to follow!

Finally, commit to tweeting at least 20 times over the next week. It will help populate your timeline, which will make others more likely to follow you. Share at least one of your own blog posts, one of your articles, and engage someone else in conversation.

If tweeting that often seems like a lot–don’t worry! The day after next, we’ll show you how to automate your social media updates using tools like Buffer and Tweetdeck. But first, we’ll cover whether using Facebook in a professional context is right for you during tomorrow’s Impact Challenge.

So far we’ve covered several ways to promote your work among your colleagues, but how can you better promote your work to the public?

The public is increasingly interested in the results of taxpayer-funded research, and the government agencies who fund you want to know your “broader impacts”. What can you do about it?  Getting your work in front of those who understand what you do can be difficult enough; how can you expect laypeople to see it and, more importantly, to “get it”?

Nowadays, there are a lot of platforms available that can help you promote your work. One of your options is Kudos. Kudos is a for-profit company built to help researchers explain their studies to both the public and others in their field. And yet, its customers aren’t authors but publishers.

Kudos’ customer list includes both toll-access and open access publishers, including eLife, Elsevier, the Royal Society of Chemistry. Publishers pay Kudos to get access to premium features for their authors. But anyone can sign up for free and use Kudos’ basic promotion and analytics tools to learn if others are reading and discussing their work online.

Today, we’ll help you check out Kudos as a tool for promoting your papers. Let’s dig in.

Sign up for an account

Head to growkudos.com and click the “Register” button in the upper right-hand corner. On the next screen, add as much professional information as possible, including your ORCID ID–this will help Kudos automatically find your articles in the next step. When you’ve entered all your information, click the green “Sign up” button, and then login to your email to confirm your account.

Claim your publications

Next, Kudos will list publications it believes to be yours. Add them to your profile by clicking the green button beside each title. If you make a mistake, you can always “unclaim” the paper by clicking the button again.

If any of your publications are missing, you can search for them by title or by adding a DOI.

Are all of your papers added? Great, let’s move on.

Explain your publications

Now, we get to the useful part of Kudos’ platform: explaining your articles.

All of the following steps will help those outside of your field better understand your research and why it’s important. This is an important but time-intensive part of the outreach process. So, you’ll likely just want to do the following for three or four of your papers that you need the most help promoting to the public.

Short title

Some paper titles can end up being long and jargon-filled. Adding a short title can help make your paper more discoverable by others in your field and beyond.

When writing your short title, try to strike a balance between phrases that your target audience will search for and phrases that are easy for your those outside of your core audience to understand. The LSE Impact Blog recommends “a full ‘narrative title’ that clearly summarizes the substance of what the article argues or what has been found out.”

So, this title (“Quindolinocryptotackieine: the elucidation of a novel indoloquinoline alkaloid structure through the use of computer-assisted structure elucidation and 2D NMR”) might end up looking more like this (“A computer-aided exploration of a new indoloquinoline alkaloid structure, quindolinocryptotackieine”) when shortened.

Lay summary

This is your chance to explain the study in detail, with public engagement in mind. Why does your research matter, and where does it fit in the bigger picture? Overall, try to avoid jargon, keep your sentences simple, and answer the question that’s inevitably in your readers’ heads: “What’s in it for me?”

More information on writing lay summaries can be found on the Digital Curation Centre and Asthma UK websites.

Impact statement

Kudos describes the Impact Statement section as “an explanation of what is most unique and/or timely about your work, and what difference it might make.” This is your chance to go into more detail about why your study was worth publishing about. How did it expand upon previous studies? What problems did it solve for the world? How might your readers’ lives be affected by the outcome?

Add links to supplemental materials and rich media

If you have figures, a video, or any other type of supplemental material, add links to each paper in this step. Creating these backlinks can help up your papers’ ranking in search results, and those supplemental materials can help your readers better understand your papers.

Share your papers

Next, you’re going to share your papers with your colleagues and the public.

On your publication page, click the green “Share now” button in the middle of the page. You’ll next be prompted to post your paper to Twitter, Facebook, or elsewhere online using a special Kudos URL that includes a tracking code. The code will help you measure how often that link to your paper has been clicked on, which in turn will measure the effectiveness of Kudos’ outreach mechanisms.

If you want to share your paper to Twitter and Facebook, connect those services to Kudos. If you’d prefer to share it via email, on your shiny new blog, or elsewhere on the Web, choose the “Share Online” option and then select what kind of trackable URL you want to use.

Measure the success of your outreach

In addition to the trackable Kudos URL that you’ve now shared on the Web, you can discover the level of attention your work has received overall via Kudos’ integration with Altmetric.com.

Here’s how to access your metrics: on any page for your publications, click on the blue “Publication Metrics” button to see a table of your articles and the attention they’ve received online. There are two types of metrics you can see on this table: Kudos-specific metrics and Altmetric.com-powered metrics.

Kudos metrics

Kudos reports the number of share referrals, Kudos views, click throughs, and full-text downloads your paper has received. These metrics really only tell you about the success of promoting your paper on Kudos–they’re unable to tell you how often your paper has been shared using other links and DOIs.

Nonetheless, Kudos users do find these metrics useful–they helped this scientist see a definite bump in full-text downloads after he claimed one of his papers.

Altmetric.com metrics

These metrics can tell you about the attention your work has received on the Web overall–to a limited extent. Currently, Kudos lists the Altmetric.com score–a weighted sum of your news coverage, blog posts, Twitter mentions, and other online shares and mentions your work has received.

We’re not big fans of this score because the exact weights are not published, making it difficult to interpret. A better option is to click the “More Details” icon to the immediate right of  any of your papers’ titles to drill-down into what specific types of attention your article has received online. That said, the score can be used with caution to get a quick overview of which of your articles are getting more online attention than others. We’ll talk more later in the Impact Challenge about how to get more useful, in-depth, and transparent metrics of impact from Altmetric.com, Impactstory, and other sources.

Limitations

While Kudos makes it easy to claim papers, other features are more time consuming. The biggest drawback is the amount of time needed to write short titles, lay summaries, and impact statements for each of your articles.

There’s no way around it–you’ll have to put in some serious thought to write ‘em, and that translates to a lot of time. So, you’ll likely want to only write those titles, summaries, and impact statements for the papers you most want to have public exposure.

We also have reservations about the Kudos business model. It has pros and cons, for sure: it’s free to researchers (pro), but it’s primarily supported by publishers’ money, which means that researchers’ needs may not always be their top priority (con).

Another con is that in the Kudos model, promotion of publishers’ content becomes a responsibility of the authors, rather than publishers’ marketing teams. That said, your promotion efforts also help you, and Kudos provides a solid framework to guide you–a definite pro.

Homework

You may have noticed the number of big fat “X”s that I currently have on my Kudos Author Dashboard:

That’s Kudos’ way of telling me what promotion and outreach steps remain for my papers.

Your homework is to get at least three of your papers that you think might garner the most public interest onto Kudos, and to turn most of your “X”s into check marks. If you don’t yet have a Twitter or use your Facebook account professionally, that’s fine–just be sure to share your paper via email and blog about it. You’re also welcome to share a Kudos link to one or more of your papers in the comments below.

As for Twitter and using Facebook professionally–those are your two next challenges. See you back here tomorrow!

Updated 11/11/14: edited to explain how to find drill-down metrics for Altmetric.com score.

In today’s challenge, we’ll create a virtual watercooler for you to meet colleagues and debate research in your field. How? On your very own blog!

A blog can help you establish expertise, forge new intellectual bonds in your discipline, and give you a place to test out new ideas and promote your research. And it’s surprisingly easy to maintain if you set it up right.

Let’s get cracking!

Choose a platform

First things first: let’s pick the technology you’ll use to blog.

One popular option is WordPress. WordPress comes in both open source and hosted flavors. If you use the former, you’ll have complete control over the look and feel of your blog, but also the responsibility for installing and maintaining the code on your website. The latter is better for those who aren’t as technically inclined or who worry less about the ability to control their blog’s appearance. For either option, WordPress offers an easy-to-use editing interface, solid analytics, and well-designed themes and plugins.

The Jekyll platform is a cult favorite that’s used by many tech-savvy, GitHub-lovin’ academics. It offers near-infinite flexibility of design, the ability to write posts in Markdown, and easy installation for those already on GitHub Pages. It doesn’t come with analytics out of the box, though, so you’ll have to install a separate plugin for Google Analytics. For a full guide to setting up Jekyll, check out this Smashing Magazine piece.

Two other blogging platforms are popular among academics: Medium and Tumblr. Both are free to use. Medium is very easy to setup, offers a sleek design, and helps promote your posts among other Medium readers. The latter feature means that you won’t necessarily have control over what posts are promoted on your blog, however, which is a drawback.

Tumblr is similarly simple to set up, offers a more customizable design than Medium, and is well-suited for image-based research blogging–appealing to informaticists who use data visualizations, those who want to blog about figures, and so on. A downside of the platform is that it’s most popular with teens and early twenty-somethings, so it could be difficult to find a community of established scientists on the platform.

You might be wondering, “Where’s the Blogger recommendation?” While Blogger is an out-of-the-box blogging platform that’s similar to WordPress in many ways, in my opinion it doesn’t offer the flexibility of design, easy website integration and domain name registration, or usability that WordPress does. That said, it is used by prolific academic bloggers like Jonathan Eisen and Tanya Golash-Boza. You’re welcome to test it out for yourself!

Once you’ve chosen your platform, go ahead and set up your blog. Here are some tips for doing so:

• You’ll have to register for a blog handle if you’re using WordPress, Blogger or Tumblr (yourhandle.blogspot.com/). If you don’t have a catchy blog title in mind, feel free to choose your name–it’ll help people find you!
• If you’d prefer to have a catchy name for your blog, brainstorm some ideas. Some fun and informative blog handles I like are “Pharyngula,” “Freakonometrics,” and “Thread & Circuits.”
• Create the look and feel you want for your blog, choosing a theme for your WordPress or Jekyll blog that matches your tastes. You might also consider choosing a theme based on its SEO-optimization.

Got your blog set up and ready to roll? Now it’s time to decide what you’re going to write.

Possible uses for your blog

There are a few ways that academics tend use their blogs: to publicize their own work, to discuss others’ research, or some combination of the two. Here are some examples.

Spreading the word about your research

Jonathan Eisen is famous for (among other reasons) using his blog to spread the word about his own research.

Back in 2011, he published a paper in PLOS ONE. Normally, academics will use their university’s press office to explain their publications’ significance to the media and the public; Eisen decided he wanted to tell the story of his study himself. So, he took to his blog.

The study picked up a lot of press coverage (including the The Economist and New Scientist), received more views and altmetrics compared to other PLOS ONE papers published in the same discipline and year, and–best of all–allowed the person who was best acquainted with the research to talk about it with the world.

Another option is to blog about your in-progress work. Blogs are excellent for engagement, and can be useful to get feedback from your peers on challenging problems or new ways to view your results. Be careful not to scoop yourself, though–if you plan to formally publish on a study, you might consider waiting on reporting your final results.

Commenting on others’ research

Many academics use their blogs as a form of post-publication peer review, offering their feedback on recent publications in their field.

Rosie Redfield is among the most famous to do so, having written a stellar take-down of the over-hyped “arsenic life” paper that was published in 2010. Her blog allowed her to respond to the article within days of its publication. (Compare that to the two years it took for her formal response article to be published!) That speed, along with the fact that she can engage rapidly and often with her readers via the blog’s comments section, makes blogging an excellent forum for post-publication peer review.

What else can you do with your blog?

You can use it for advocacy, editorializing, and event promotion, among many other things. The sky’s the limit!

Decide on a posting schedule and stick to it

Got an idea of what you want to blog about? Now it’s time to figure out how you’re going to blog.

Many “blogging for beginners” guides recommend setting a posting schedule for yourself. That can be once a week, once a month, or however often you can manage.

Why do you want a schedule? Regular posts are key to having an audience that’ll return to your blog. And having a framework to work from keeps you organized in the rest of your life.

Key to finding a schedule that works for you is having realistic expectations about the amount of time it’ll take you to research and write a blog post. And that will depend upon what you’ve decided to blog about.

Write one or two posts to start out with, timing how long it takes for each. (You can expect that number to go down over time, as you get better at writing more quickly.) Then, look at your schedule and see how often you can spare that chunk of time. That’s your posting schedule.

Brainstorm posts in advance

Got your schedule decided upon? Now it’s time to make life easier on your future-self by brainstorming a boatload of post ideas at once.

Starting a blog can be intimidating because it’s hard to imagine that you’ll have things to write about on a regular basis. Having this master list of ideas that you can return to again and again is reassuring. It also makes it much easier to stick to your blogging schedule.

In addition to interesting topics, recently published papers, and personal updates on your research, some other easy wins can be found by repurposing stuff you’re doing in the rest of your life into “low-cost” posts. As computer scientist Matt Might explains,

The secret to low-cost academic blogging is to make blogging a natural byproduct of all the things that academics already do.

• Doing an interesting lecture? Put your lecture notes in a blog post.
• Writing a detailed email reply? “Reply to public” with a blog post.
• Answering the same question a second time? Put it in a blog post.
• Writing interesting code? Comment a snippet into a post.
• Doing something geeky at home? Blog about what you learned.

Aim to come up with at least 50 post topics before moving onto the next step: writing headlines that will snag readers.

Write effective headlines

Headlines are your best way to get a piece of your readers’ limited attention bandwidth. Some keys to writing headlines that work, according to the blogging experts at Buffer:

• Put the most compelling stuff in the first and last three words of your headline (research tells us that most readers will only absorb that much)
• Keep your headlines to 50-ish characters or less, so it won’t get truncated by search engines
• Use psychology to compel people to read your post (headlines that are surprising, ask questions, super-specific or follow these other principles are proven effective)

So what does this look like in reality? Here are some examples:

• Why are vegans the best lab workers? (asks question, follows “6-word” principle, element of surprise)
• 5 ways Mike Eisen’s dead wrong about Open Access (specific, follows “6-word” principle, element of surprise)
• How I landed a postdoc gig without even trying (tells readers “how to”, piques curiosity)

A surefire way to keep your readers hooked, no matter what, is making sure your blog posts’ titles matches each’s content. If they’re too obtuse or “click-baity”, people will stop clicking through to read your blog.

Remember: practice makes perfect. Writing good headlines is hard work. That’s why people get paid to do it for a living! You’ll likely write and re-write a headline several times before you find one that resonates with you.

Make your posts more popular with images

Images can help break up blocks of text, making your posts more readable (and thus more popular). And they also can help illustrate your points.

Aside from blogging images found in papers you’re reviewing or that you’ve created, my number one recommended place to find free images is the Flickr Creative Commons search (though sometimes there’s a lot of chaff that needs separating out). Buffer has also compiled a list of other free and public domain images you can use in your posts.

Learn about your readers

Your final task is to set up an analytics service so you can learn about your readers.

Two popular options, Google Analytics and WordPress’s built-in statistics package, can tell you how many visitors your blog has received, what countries they’re coming from, what websites and search engines led them to your blog, what posts they’re reading, and much more.

Google Analytics, in particular, can be overwhelming to use–it’s a powerful tool that can seem like overkill for the novice. CUNY’s Academic Commons blog has a great starter guide to the service.

Homework

Your homework is deceptively simple: choose from among the blog topics you’ve brainstormed and write a post with a great headline.

Seriously–that’s it!

We’ll see you back here on Monday to talk about publication self-promotion platform Kudos.

Over the past five days, you’ve set up profiles on a variety of professional social networking platforms. Today, we’re going to create the hub that will bring them all together: a professional website.

You might already have a university-issued webpage, perhaps linked to your departmental website. They’re all right for showcasing basic information about you, but they often do your research a disservice.

Because of their rigid formatting and style requirements, you  often can’t link out to your full text publications, showcase scholarship that’s not shaped like an article, or add the number of articles and other scholarly products that best explains your career. And the other important things you do–teaching, mentoring, service, and so on? You often can’t showcase them at all.

Today, we’re going to help you create a flexible website that will easily bring together all of your identities. You’ll learn how to embed and automate content so you don’t have to constantly update your website. And we’ll get you started with recommendations for both DIY and “plug and play” website hosts that offer solid search engine optimization to–you guessed it–increase your “googleability.”

Choosing a hosting solution

If you’re lucky, your institution offers a free hosting solution. For those who don’t have access to free hosting, let’s cover your options.

Now, there are basic hosting solutions like Hostgator, Dreamhost, etc, but you’ll need to sling html to make them work. Here, we’ll focus on some solutions that offer a little more scaffolding out of the box.

Let’s start with the hosts that are easiest for novices to use.

Squarespace is an out-of-the-box hosting solution. You can code your own site or use their slick-looking design templates to create and customize your website. They’ve also got a built-in blogging platform–which will be useful for tomorrow’s challenge–and reportedly better SEO than other drag-and-drop website builders. The lowest tier of the service costs $10/month or $96/year. Example: Samuel N. Crane

WordPress.com-hosted sites are popular among academics. We’ll cover the platform in detail tomorrow, but it’s essentially a blogging platform that can be shoehorned into serving as a website. It offers good SEO, a simple-to-use interface, and out-of-the-box design “themes” that are as pretty (if not as easily customizable) as Squarespace’s. WordPress.com sites are free to create, but certain services like extra hosting space and domain name registration cost extra. Example: Joanna Dunlap

Github Pages is a popular hosting option for the tech-savvy researcher. If you’re already a user of the platform, Pages is a (relatively) simple solution. It allows for custom URLs and connects with a Markdown-enabled blogging platform called Jekyll (again, useful for tomorrow’s challenge). It’s free, which makes the 100 MB per file and 1 GB per repository space limits forgivable. Check out this guide to get started. Example: Ahmed Moustafa

Do some market research

Now that you’ve got a host for your website, your next job is to learn what makes an academic website great. Search for others in your discipline, academics in other fields, and even professionals who work outside of the Ivory Tower. The point is to find sites that you want to emulate for both design and content, make some mental notes about what makes them “work,” and maybe even bookmark them for later reference.

In addition to the examples we provided in the previous section, we recommend checking out these sites for some inspiration:

• Christopher Madan: Chris is a postdoc at Boston College. This website is both visually appealing (great use of icons, photos, and formatting) and prominently includes important information about his career milestones (an “Intro to Matlab” book he wrote, links to publications and his CV, and a front-and-center bio that tells you what he’s all about).
• Carly Strasser: Carly is a marine biologist turned Research Data Specialist with the California Digital Library. Her website works because it’s clean and simple, while making her expertise clear. She includes links to both papers and presentations, and also a prominent link to her blog–an important outreach tool.
• Mike Brennan: Mike is an “alt-ac”–a researcher-turned-technologist and project lead at Second Muse. His website doesn’t have the slickest design, but it doesn’t matter. He nails his research career narrative by including front-and-center media coverage, links to publications and talks, and a list of awards. It’s easy to figure out how to contact him and links to personal photos and his record label give you a sense of his personality.

Got a sense of what a solid professional website looks like? Good, now let’s move on to what you should include in yours.

Essential components of a great professional website

As we’ve seen from Mike’s example, design is just aspect of your professional website. Let’s dig into the key types of content that you should include.

A short bio and recent photograph

Don’t use your bio to recount your entire career–that’s what your CV is for. Instead, be sure to state the most important thing about yourself first and foremost, and fill in the rest with broad strokes.

Who are you and what makes you tick as a researcher? What have your most important accomplishments been to date? Write a paragraph or two, then take a knife to it, cutting it down to bare essentials.

Want more advice on writing good bios? Guides to writing an effective bio can be found here and here.

And remember what we learned from yesterday’s challenge about good professional photos? Apply those guidelines to help you choose a good photograph for your website or, even better, just reuse the same photo from your LinkedIn profile.

Once you’ve got your bio and your photo ready to go, you’ll need to decide where to include it. I recommend keeping it simple by adding both to your homepage, but you can include them in a separate “About” or “Bio” page, instead.

Research interests

Now you’re going to tell others about your research. Your Research Interests page should be a punchier version of your Research Statement. If you’ve applied for a job or a promotion in the past few years, you likely have one handy.

The purpose of this section is to get others interested in your research, and help them understand how you’ve contributed to your discipline. You’ll describe what you’ve accomplished to date and what problems you’re currently working on.

Keep in mind that the Research Interests page should be much shorter than a formal Research Statement–no more than 2-3 paragraphs. Any longer and you risk losing your readers. Some jargon is acceptable in this section, but don’t go overboard–write as though you’re explaining your work to another academic who’s not in your discipline.

You might also choose to summarize some projects that you’ve most recently worked on (or for which you’re particularly well known) on this page. A paragraph or two per project is all that’s needed. Alternatively, you can break these descriptions out into a standalone Projects page.

Teaching & pedagogical materials

If you’re currently teaching or have taught in the past and want to highlight that experience, a Teaching page is the place to do it. List the courses you’ve taught, when you taught them, and include syllabi and any class materials here.

Similarly, if you want to highlight your mentoring activities or service to your field in their own standalone pages, you can do that, too.

Contact information

If others are interested in your work, how can they best reach you? Include both your current university contact information on this page and–most importantly–an email address that won’t easily go out of date if you switch institutions (your personal email address will work, if you’re comfortable listing it).

And because this is the 21st century–and you’re quickly becoming a very connected scholar–this is a good place to list links to your other profiles from across the web.

Your CV

The only thing more annoying than keeping your CV up-to-date is remembering to upload it to your website after you’ve changed it.

I’m going to share with you a super-efficient hack that made updating my CV downright pleasurable: embedding your CV in your website using Dropbox, so any changes you make automatically appear online.

If you don’t already have a Dropbox account, you can sign up for one here for free.

In Dropbox, copy a Word version of your CV into the “Public” folder. Make sure your CV is up-to-date, and then save it as a PDF.

On your website, create a separate webpage for your CV. Then, insert this code where you want the embedded PDF to appear:

<iframe style=”width: 610px; height: 850px;” src=”https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/[URLHASH]/[CV FILENAME].pdf” frameborder=”1″ width=”320″ height=”240″></iframe>

The URL you’ll use can be found by right-clicking on your CV while in Dropbox, selecting “Copy Public Link,” and pasting it into the code above.

When all is said and done, you’ll have an embedded CV in your website that looks like this:

And the best part is, whenever you need to update your CV, you can just update the Word file that’s in your Public Dropbox folder, re-save it (using the same filename) as a PDF, and the updated version will automatically appear on your website! Awesome, huh?

Your scholarship

Now that others have a sense of all the scholarly products you’ve ever created thanks to your CV, it’s time to get others access to your most important works.

On this page, you’ll list your publications, talks, data, software, and any other  scholarly products that you want to highlight. The purpose of this page isn’t to replicate what’s on your CV; it’s so your website’s visitors can get a 50,000 foot view of your quality as a scholar.

There are two popular ways to create pages for your scholarship: put everything you’ve ever created onto a page; or highlight only your best or most recent work. We’re going to take the latter approach, because it’s easier to maintain over time.

Copy your best scholarly works from your CV to this page. Include the full citation and a link to the resource itself, like so:

Make it easy on your website visitors by listing no more than 20 products total.

An alternative approach to creating a standalone page for your scholarship is to create an Impactstory profile, which can capture all of your outputs, links to full-text, and their metrics into a single profile that’s embeddable into your website. Holly’s linked to her Impactstory profile from her website, as we see above. But more on that in an upcoming challenge!

Homework

First of all, take a deep breath. You have a website and that’s no small feat! Way to go!

Now let’s add links to the profiles you’ve created so far (Academia.edu, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and LinkedIn).

You might also add Google Analytics to your site, so you can tell you how often your site is visited and by what demographics.

Next, decide if you want to register for a domain name. There’s a lot of reasons why you might want to do so, but I’m personally of the opinion that as long as you’ve got a unique name and good SEO, you don’t need to. If you do decide to register your own domain name, know that Squarespace offers free registration and WordPress allows you to register through their site for a fee. I’ve heard good things about third-party registrar Namecheap, too.

Finally, take some time to experiment. The beauty of owning your own website is the freedom it offers. I’d recommend playing around with automating updates to your website. One way is to embed an RSS feed for your blog or Twitter stream (if you already have them–if not, we’ll cover both soon). You could also embed a calendar that easily lets others know when you’re available during work hours (hopefully freeing you of scheduling agony in the future). Google, Outlook, and third-party app UpTo calendars are good candidates for that.

Day 6: Success!

Now that you’ve got a website, we’re going to get you a blog to go with it. It’s an indispensable tool for building expertise and recognition in your field. See you tomorrow!